复合材料层压板低速冲击和准静态压痕损伤等效性的研究

通过对低速冲击试验和准静态压痕试验进行对比,获得了冲击能量(准静态压痕力)与层压板损伤面积、损伤宽度和凹坑深度的三组对应关系.分析表明,损伤面积、损伤宽度和凹坑深度均可作为损伤参数来建立低速冲击和准静态压痕损伤的等效性.当冲击能量或准静态压痕力达到一定值后,三组对应关系曲线上出现拐点,两类试验的拐点相差很小,且两类试验的变化趋势相同,初步说明了用准静态压痕试验替代低速冲击试验是可行的,同时在较低冲击能量(拐点值之前)下准静态压痕力近似等于相对应的冲击能量下冲击过程的最大接触力.对两类试验过程进行分析,准静态压痕试验的初始分层载荷较冲击试验稍低,但两类试验过程中载荷的变化趋势相同,进一步说明了低速冲击试验和准静态压痕试验损伤的等效性.     

陶瓷材料小裂纹的生长与聚合

对陶瓷材料小裂纹的生长与聚合规律进行了试验研究。结果表明由Ｖｉｋｅｒｓ压痕法引入的单个小裂纹的裂纹扩展速率（ｄａ／ｄｔ）随裂尖应力强度因子的增大呈先降后升的Ｖ形特征。理论分析和数据处理均表明这种特征是由压痕法引入的残余应力场的影响所致。试验结果还表明多个小裂纹的生长与聚合规律也与残余应力场密切相关。文中提出的叠加残余应力场模型很好地解释了上述试验结果     

光学材料磨削加工亚表面损伤层深度测量及预测方法研究

针对光学材料磨削加工引入的亚表面损伤层,综合使用磁流变抛光斑点技术和HF差动化学蚀刻速率法测量亚表面裂纹层深度和亚表面残余应力层厚度。建立了亚表面裂纹层深度与表面粗糙度间关系的理论模型,以实现亚表面裂纹层深度的准确预测,并通过分析亚表面裂纹尖端应力场,预测了亚表面裂纹尖端塑性层厚度。     

微纳米压痕测试技术:发展与应用

近年来,具有高精度、高通量的微纳米压痕测试技术,已被广泛应用于研究微/纳米尺度下材料力学性能演化规律和变形行为中。然而,在航空航天材料试验测试领域,令研究人员更感兴趣的往往是如何更好地揭示材料工程性能,更好地理解材料在服役环境下变形损伤机制。因此,接近材料真实服役环境（如高/低温、电/磁场）下的微纳米压痕测试系统更具应用潜力。首先对传统的微纳米压痕测试技术进行回顾总结,涉及测试系统的组成、经典分析理论方法及其面临的尺度/尺寸效应。然后,简要描述典型磁电弹性材料在力-电-热-磁多场耦合环境下接触力学行为的解析模型,并着重阐述面向材料实际服役环境下的压痕测试技术的典型应用,包括高/低温纳米压痕测试和电/磁场耦合条件下的纳米压痕测试应用。最后,讨论了目前发展所面临的主要问题和挑战,这对微纳米压痕测试技术的进一步发展和先进应用具有重要意义。     

疲劳裂纹尖端残余应力场的深度-传感压痕测试与有限元分析

 飞机和发动机等重要装备承力结构在服役过程中通常承受变幅疲劳载荷作用。直接测量和分析由于过载塑性变形而导致的裂纹尖端附近残余应力场,对于较好地理解变幅加载下疲劳裂纹扩展行为,从而改善和发展疲劳寿命预测模型具有重要价值。本文基于微细尺度的深度-传感压痕(DSI)残余应力测量技术,研究了材料疲劳裂纹尖端附近残余应力场的实用测试技术,获得了铝合金中心裂纹拉伸试样在恒幅及单峰疲劳过载作用下裂纹尖端附近的残余应力场分布。同时,还采用弹塑性有限元方法模拟分析了相同疲劳载荷下裂纹尖端附近相应的残余应力场分布。相互验证表明:两种方法获得了基本吻合的结果。     

纳米压痕实验微米级深度硬度下降现象的研究(英文)

本文针对均匀材料微米级压痕深度,分析接触深度、接触面积、载荷以及加载时间几种因素对实验数据的影响,结合有限元数值模拟,说明压头几何缺陷、接触深度与接触面积的处理并不是造成微米级压痕硬度随压深增大而下降的主要原因,最可能的原因是材料的蠕变特性。进行了不同最大压深实验显示连续刚度法(CSM)将强化蠕变特性对硬度曲线的影响,证明造成该现象的重要原因是纳米压痕实验的实验方法问题。     

复合材料静压痕与落锤冲击初始损伤对比试验

为了研究复合材料层合板的分层起始载荷,对不同材料体系和不同铺层数的复合材料层合板进行了准静态压痕试验和落锤冲击试验.得到了复合材料层板的分层起始载荷和冲击分层损伤能量门槛值,并对损伤情况进行了分析.结果表明,层合板的落锤冲击试验的分层起始载荷与冲击能级有关,并且分层起始载荷值随冲击能级提高而增加;准静态压痕试验的分层起始载荷值要低于低速冲击试验的分层起始载荷值;当冲击能量达到层板分层损伤能量门槛值时,层板发生大量分层损伤,层合板刚度出现急剧下降.     

Residual stress indentation model based on material equivalence

A novel residual stress indentation model for conical indentation loading is proposed to describe the relationship between the residual stress, material constitutive parameters, load, and displacement for materials with a uniaxial constitutive relationship that obeys Hollomon’s power law (H-law). The novel model was established based on the principle that the equivalent material without residual stress corresponds to the original material with residual stress, conical indentation theoretical model based on energy density equivalence, and an assumed power-law relationship between the dimensionless residual stress and relative difference of the yield stresses of the equivalent material and original material. Sixty imaginary H-law materials with ten equibiaxial and ten uniaxial residual stresses were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The residual stresses predicted by the novel model from the indentation load–displacement curves simulated for the imaginary materials are in close agreement with those applied by the FEA. Finally, indentation tests for Cr12MoV steel, 45 steel, and 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy were carried out on their specimens without residual stress and their bending specimens with equibiaxial and uniaxial residual stresses. The residual stresses predicted by the novel model according to the indentation load–displacement test curves are in good agreement with those applied by the tests.     

Assessment of two quasi-static approaches to mimic repeated impact response and damage behaviour of CFRP laminates

Full impact damage tolerance assessment requires the ability to properly mimic the repeated impact response and damage behaviour of composite materials using quasi-static approximations. To this aim, this paper reports an experimental investigation evaluating two quasi-static methods for mimicking repeated impact response and damage behaviour of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. In this study, an 8.45-J single impact was repeated 225 times and mimicked with 225 times 6.51-J quasi-static (energy equivalent) indentations and with 225 quasi-static (force equivalent) indentations following the recorded impact peak force variation. Results show that the loading rate and the inertial effect are the two major factors affecting the responses of the composite laminates under out-of-plane concentrated loading. Both the energy- and force-equivalent quasi-static indentations failed to reproduce the impact responses greatly associated with high loading rate and inertial effect. The force-equivalent quasi-static indentations were performed in a semi-automatic way and induced damage states more similar to those of the repeated impacts than those of the energy-equivalent quasi-static indentations, whereas the latter can be better automated and has better reproducibility compared to that of the repeated impact responses, as it is less dependent on high loading rate and inertial effect.